Ventilated wall structure.



L. K. DAVIS. VBNTILATED WALL STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 8, 1909.

Patented Feb. 3, v1914:.

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L. K. DAVIS.

VBNTILATED WALL STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. B. 1909.

Patented Feb. 3, 1914J 3 SHEETSrSHEBT 2.

L. K. DAVIS.

' VBNTILATED WALL STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 8, 1909.

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UNITE SA FS ATENT OFFICE.

VENTILATED WALL STRUCTURE.

Application filed February 8, 1909.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, LEWIS K. DAVIS, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Pelham, in the county of Vestchester and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Ventilated Wall Structures, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a wall by which the external cold and moisture can be more successfully prevented from passing through to the inner wall or surface of a building and effecting its internal temperature or condition.

My invention is designed to automatically warm the walls and keep them dry, and it is particularly adapted for use in iireproof building construction in which the walls of the building are formed out of hollow blocks of vitrified clay, or other suitable material, and connected and supported by reinforced posts of concrete. But my invention is also adapted to be used with walls made in other ways, or of other materials.

My invention consists in suitably constructing buildings so that they may be eficiently protected from outside temperatures and moisture. In the best embodiment of my invention now known to me I accomplish this purpose by forming the walls of the building with an inner and an outer shell and with the intervening space separated into a series of unobstructed passages having lower inlet openings and upper outlet openings so as to allow heated air to pass off preferably from the lower part of the buildingand escape through the outlet openings so as to keep the walls of the building warm by passage of the heated air therethrough, thus protecting the interior of the building and the supporting columns of the wall from outside moisture and temperature, the passages being preferably arranged with partitions considerably thinner than the thickness of the wall so that the dampness will not be conveyed to the inner wall through these partitions.

In the accompanying drawings I have shown one form of my improved structure which is particularly well adapted for carryrying out the invention herein set forth. It will be manifest that my improvements may be embodied in other forms of structure also.

In the drawings Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of a building, partly broken away, embodying my improved structure and Specication of Letters Patent.

Serial No. 476,760.

illustrating the manner in which my improved method is carried out. Fig. 2 is a horizontal -cross-sectional view of two adjoining blocks such as I prefer to use in making my improved wall, showing the relation between the thickness of the wall and the thickness of the partitions or posts between the air passages. Fig. 3 is an elevation of Fig. 2, being partly in section, on the line 2-2 of Fig. 2. Fig. l is a vertical sectional view of Fig. 2 on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is an elevation view of my improved structure partly in section and broken away at the edges, showing the construction of the lintels with their horizontal passages.

Similar numbers indicate similar parts in the different drawings.

Referring to Fig. l, I represents a building having a cellar 2, above which are two stories, 3 and 4, and an attic space 5. The walls are provided with a series of passages 6. One of these passages is shown in crosssection at the left-hand side of Fig. l. These passages are vertical, and they extend preferably through the entire wall from the bottom to the top. They are provided with inlet openings 7 near their lower ends opening from the cellar. They are also provided with outlet openings 8 at or near the upper end of the passages. These outlets may open directly into the outer atmosphere, as shown at'S in Fig. l, or they may be made to open into the space immediately below the roof, as shown at 9 in Fig. l. The passages 6 are arranged in a series at short intervals across the wall of the house or building, so that the distance between adjoining passages isless than the thickness of the wall. As a result of making the partitions or posts between the passagew'ays of less thickness than the thickness of the wall, the ascending currents of warm air keep these intermediate partitions or posts warm and dry. The inlet openings 7, in the form shown in Fig. I, are placed near the floor of the cellar, but they may be placed higher up in the cellar, for example near the top thereof, or at any other point that may be deemed desirable. The spaces 10 between the floors and ceilings may also be connected with the vertical passageways, as by the openings 11 shown in Fig. l. This will cause the warmed air confined between the ioors and ceilings, to circulate through the passages 6. 12, 12 are lintels which are Patented Feb. 3,1914.

placed above and below the windows and doors. They can be made in any suitable form, as in a single block or of several blocks. They are provided with horizontal Vpassages 13, 13 (see Fig. 5). These passages, at their ends, open into the vertical passages 6, so that the currents of ascending air may be caused to flow through the lintels, 111, 14 represent the concrete posts by means of which the hollow blocks are reinforced and supported and held in place, and by means of which the building is supported.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of two adjoining blocks showing how they are arranged in connection with the supporting concrete posts. 15, 15 are two adjoining blocks. They are preferably made of vitrified clay, or other suitable material, and are provided with undercut grooves at their ends adapted to receive the concrete posts 14. 1G is a suitable strip or band of steel or reinforcing metal work around which the concrete post is formed. 17 represents any suitable plastic material that may be placed on the outside of the wall, and 18 represents any suitable material, such as plaster, that may be placed on the inside ot the wall. 19, 19 are the partitions between the passageways 6. 1t will be seen from this figure that the width of these partitions 19 is less than the thickness of the wall. 1t will also be seen that the width of the concrete post and the partitions that adj 0in it, is likewise less than the thickness of the wall.

Fig. 3 is a vertical elevation ot the device shown in Fig. 2, partly in cross-section, so as to show the construction of the concrete post 14 with its reinforcing strip 1G.

Fig. L1 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the structure shown in Fig. 2, designed to show the construction of the concrete post 14.

In Fig. 5 1 have shown the manner in which the lintels 1Q, 12 are arranged above and below the windows or other opening. These lintels are placed immediately below and immediately above the window or other opening, and are provided with the horizontal passages 13 which register, as shown, with the vertical passages G of the wall. As a result of this construction the currents of partly warmed air flowing up through the passages G will also cause a circulation of air through the passages 13.

My improvement secures important advantages in connection with the heating and ventilation of a building. The air in the basement or lower part of the building which has been warmed to some extent, Hows up through the passages 6, and also through the passages 13 of the lintels, and thus serves 1 to keep the inside surfaces of the walls warm and dry. rlfhese ascending currents ot warm air also heat the partitions between the passages 0. The inner surfaces or parts of the wall are prevented from being cooled by reason of the low temperatures that may prevail outside. The passage of moisture or dampness from the outside inwardly, is also prevented by the circulation ot the air currents through the passages in the wall. lf any moisture penetrates the outer part ot the wall between the passages G and the exterior, the ascending currents of air will tend to carry off this moisture and prevent its penetrating to the inner part of the wall. The uso et my invention also secures a better ventilation of the building.

llfhat l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A wall of suitable material compris ing an outer and an inner shell, and vertical transverse partitions separating said two shells and forming continuous Eriticalgair lQQWQQH the bottom and top of tne wall, inlet openings to the bottom of said passages through said inner shell, and outlet openings from the top of said passages, and horizontal partitions between the two shells forming horizontal air passages opening into the vertical air passages.

2. A wall of suitable material comprising an outer and an inner shell, and vertical transverse partitions thinner than said shells separating said two shells and forming continnous vertical air passages between the bottom and top of the wall, inlet openings to the bottom ot said passages through said innerA shell, and outlet openings from the top of' said passages through said outer shell, and horizontal partitions between the two shells forming horizontal air passages open ing into the vertical air passages.

3. A wall of suitable material having window openings therein and comprising an `outeiman'd anihner shell, and vertical transverse partitions separating said two shells and forming continuous vertical air passages between the bottom and top ot the wall, inlet openings to the bottom of said passages through said inner shell, and outlet openings from the top ot said passages, and horizontal partitions between the two shells and above and below the window openings forming horizontal'air passages into the vertical air passages.

ln testimony whereof, 1 have signed my name to this specification, in the presence or' two subscribing witnesses.

LEVIS K. DAVIS.

Witnesses EDWIN Seann, Jourv O. GUNPLER.

each, by addressing the Commissioner ot Eatente..

Washington, D. C. 

